Culture As A Global Enterprise - 963 Words

Culture in a Global Enterprise The interpretations of culture along with the considerable cultural elements are outlined in this critical essay. Furthermore, explanations of the culture in a global enterprise, and whether or not the culture is a critical component in managing Information Technology (IT) in a global enterprise, are also summarized. Finally, a discussion has been presented about how firms can apprehend and advance their culture to support IT management in a global enterprise. Culture and its Major Elements Culture can be defined as a concept that contains numerous practices, norms, and symbols (DeLong Fahey, 2000), as well as ceremony, rituals, language, myths, and ideology (Pettigrew, 1979), that the individuals of a social collection share within themselves, and these qualities exist beyond an individual’s mind and have a widespread consequence (Walsham, 2002). Schein (1985) outlined a model established on the three levels of culture, which consists of the basic assumptions, values, and the artifacts and creations. As summarized by Schein (1985), the first level of basic assumptions is the essence of culture, and predominantly comprises of human behavior, truth, reality, and individual relationships. These basic assumptions mature with time when members of a social group find ways to handle significant problems, and the solutions are gradually transferred to the next generations (Schein, 1985). Furthermore, Schein (1985) proposed the second level ofShow MoreRelatedCulture As A Global Enterprise950 Words   |  4 PagesCulture in a Global Enterprise The definition and major elements of the culture are outlined in this critical essay. Furthermore, an explanation of the culture in a global enterprise, and whether or not the culture is a critical factor in managing Information Technology (IT) in a global enterprise are also summarized. Finally, a discussion has been provided about how firms can understand and improve their culture to support IT management in a global enterprise. Culture and its Major Elements CultureRead MoreHow Corporate Culture Influence Multi-National Enterprises’ Global Operations?2353 Words   |  10 PagesHow Corporate Culture influence Multi-national enterprises’ global operations? Introduction It is undeniable that competition in the business area is very fierce. People in the business world must find the best way in order to survive. Business, nowadays, expand their business to other countries as globalization on the rise. They need to remain competitive in a global marketplace with well coordinated and tightly controlled worldwide operations. For multinational enterprises (â€Å"MNEs†), theRead MoreEssay on International Management Process1168 Words   |  5 PagesOverview  · International Management process - is heavily affected by the culture (as well as other factors) of the country where enterprises pursue their goals and objectives.  · Culture - comprise an entire set of social norms and responses that condition peoples behavior, it is acquired and incalculated, a set of rules and behavior, patterns that an individual learns but does not inherit at birth. Three Ways Culture is Learned:  · Formal learning - formal activities are taught by preceptRead MoreIBM Globally Integrated Enterprise Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesfounded in 1911, based in New York, transformed over a period of about one hundred years from an international, multi-national, to a global integrated enterprise. In 2008, IBM shifted its focus to define and develop leaders for a global economy. This effort included making the globally integrated enterprise relevant to all employees through IBM values, culture, and global citizenship. The aim was to ensure IBM could compete globally. IBM realized it was necessary to examine how it functioned, whileRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Ethics in Business in Light of the Recent Global Financial Crisis (Gfc)1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe 2008 global financial crisis has affected today’s economy severely based on the collapses on issues such as immoral practices, governance, regulations, enterprise ethics. Factors to consider with the collapse that lead to the financial crisis is the dangerous outcomes that financial companies were not foreseen in advanced of borrowing mortgages for the companies. The change of ethics through enterprises demonstrate how business approaches to ethics over the past years where ethics is seen inRead MoreHuawei : The World s Biggest Telecommunications Company1673 Words   |  7 Pagesand Sky (Anderson, 2012). Huawei is the first Chinese brand to be included in the ranks of the top 100 best global brands, according to Interbrand (Yueh, 2014). As the world s biggest telecommunications company, the firm provides information communications technology (ICT) solutions to all over the world, delivering end-to-end solutions for telecom operators, consumers, and enterprises (Huawei.com). The company officially incorporated by ex-military officer Ren Zhengfei and other 5 investorsRead MoreInnovation, Entrepreneurship, And Innovation1559 Words   |  7 Pagesfor MIT Entrepreneurship at MIT, lectures on IDEs â€Å"innovation-driven enterprises†, high growth potential and competitive advantage that brings new innovations to customers’ world-wide. (Aulet, 2013). Tom Peters teaches the benefits of SMEs â€Å"small and medium enterprises† (SME), you don’t have to be in a traditional competitive market, just well understood business ideas, which have a possibility of failure (Peters, Building a Culture of Innovation, 1999). Entrepreneur is a chance, to start your ownRead MoreTransnational IT Operations1340 Words   |  5 PagesTransnational IT Operations Introduction Enterprises are having to quickly change their value chains and supporting subsystems, processes, platforms and procedures to more effectively support globalized operations. Despite the common assumption that globalization and transnational IT operations are undertaken for cost reduction, a more common motivation on the part of enterprises is to capitalize on the unique expertise and knowledge in a given country or region (Gill, 2011). From this vantageRead MoreManaging A Global Enterprise Wide Project1207 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many items to take into consideration when managing a global enterprise wide project; after spending the last eight weeks working towards what it means to be a project manager of such an assignment we have come up with 10 tasks that must be met for successful project completion. They are as follows in no particular order; Define the team structure, work process, and communication channels- Management must prepare an infrastructure for effective functional teamwork and technology transferRead MoreImpact of Culture in International Human Resource Management912 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Culture in International Human Resource Management Martin Human Resource Management relates to the processes involved in managing people in international enterprises (Helfrich, et al., 2008). Although the literature has identified several criteria to classify the degree or intensity of an enterprise ´s multi- or transnationality for this short abstract a multinational enterprise can be defined as â€Å"an enterprise which conducts it activities, control production or service facilities

The Correlation between Obesity and Increased Health Care Costs free essay sample

Obesity is a medical diagnosis determined when an individual has accumulated enough weight to cause adverse health effects; usually recognized by Body Mass Index (BMI) as a number of thirty or higher on a height compared to a weight scale. It is a result of an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. There are several notable health consequences directly linked to obesity, such as: hypertension, type 2 diabetes, stroke, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon cancer (National Institutes of Health, 1998). The correlation of obesity’s effect on healthcare costs can be assessed in both direct (actual medical treatment costs) and indirect (financial loss due to the result of the condition) aspects. In 2008, the estimated capital loss due to obesity and its detrimental effects on the quality of life and health totaled to about $147 billion; thus equating to being the most costly preventable expense in health (Center for Disease Control, 2012). Introduction As a nation becoming more fixated on culinary adventures, cooking shows, and innovative concoctions, we at the same time, are watching the prevalence of our obesity rates grow tenfold. American’s caloric intake has increased 15% 1984 to 1997. It is likely that this upward trend has continued due to the growing portion sizes of food at dining restaurants as well as increased processing and artificial additives introduced in our food. Another contributing factor is the glamorization of food and food products. Constant updates via social media websites like Instagram or Facebook present recipes, pictures of colorful and savory fare, which present an over stimulation possibly causing eliciting an over eating response. In 1960-1962 the occurrence of obese men in the United States was 11% of the population. In 2010, this increased to 34% of the population. Furthermore in women, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey found a 16% occurrence of obese women in 1960-1962 increased to 38% of the population in 2010 (Center for Disease Control, 2012). Obesity is a growing challenge for public health officials; it has increased in every state, in both genders, among all socioeconomic groups, ages, and races. The condition has even plagued America’s youth, with 17% of children now identified as obese. If the current statistics are a predictor of future trends, our cost of healthcare expenditures from obesity and it’s associated conditions will also increase to unpredictable heights. These statistics are significant concerns for public health officials because obesity is an extremely preventable condition. Physical activity and proper nutrition is a fundamental counter measure to battle obesity and its related conditions. Obesity has far reaching effects on one’s life, for example, at work. In one study during a four-year period, researchers found that those who participated in sports took 20 days less sick leave than their non-sporting workers. There has also been a relation to physical activity and work productivity (Blatter, et al. , 2005). Thus, contributing to the wealth of the community and economy instead of promoting extensive health care costs in the United States. Obesity has direct and indirect effects on healthcare and a nation. The loss of productivity previously stated is an indirect cost. The U. S. Surgeon General recognized that approximately $56 billion was lost in 2000 due to indirect costs of obesity. Although, $61 billion was lost due to direct costs that same year, some researchers believe that indirect costs exceed the direct yet are far too extensive or complex to accurately measure (National Institute of Health, 1998). Defined, indirect costs of obesity on healthcare are recognized as the gross financial loss due to the condition. It can be assessed through value of lost work, increase in insurance coverage, and reduction of wages (Harvard School of Public Health, 2012). In the United States, absenteeism due to obesity cost employers $2. 4 billion in 1998 and has further increased to $6.2 billion in 2012. Additionally, a more recent statistic from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey found that workday loss among the very obese was estimated to 4 days a year for men and 5. 5 days a year for women. From a financial perspective, obese men accumulate an approximate $3,792 per month in lost productivity, while obese women accumulate $3,037 a month (Hu, F. , 2012). In America’s current economic state and competitive occupation market, the perception that weight has an influence on productivity can lead to one person keeping, losing, and receiving employment over another. Insurance companies promote are a bucket for groups of people to have a shared cost of economic burden for healthcare costs. When an obese individual begins to suffer from one of the associated causes or even just obesity itself, the premiums for members within that insurance pool goes up. Recent reforms to healthcare is attempting to mitigate such an issue by allowing employers to charge obese employees 30-50% more in what they contribute toward their health insurance benefit. Especially, if the individual refuses to participate in a qualified wellness program devised to help them with weight loss. Another noteworthy component to Obama’s Affordable Care Act is the community/ employment programs designed to assist people in losing weight as well as the incentives provided for Medicare/ Medicaid beneficiaries to seek a primary care physician in order to discuss and execute a weight loss program (Unger, 2012). Implementing such policies is a fundamental measure to combat the obesity epidemic and stifling the ever-growing costs in healthcare. The social stigmatism of obesity has ignited an association between obese weight and reduction in wages. The fact is that there is a decrease in years of disability-free life and increase in mortality rate before retirement when someone is viewed as obese. This may cause an organization, it’s managers, or supervisors to subconsciously recognize this and offer compensational wages equal to what they believe they will receive in quality and output from the employee. In one study, there was a relational assessment based on BMI vs.salary and obese subjects tended to have lower salary (Hu, 2012). While indirect costs have a substantial effect on financial costs of obesity, direct costs have a more quantifiable loss. Direct costs are defined as the actual cost of the condition on healthcare. It can be portrayed through diagnostic tests, emergency services, treatment programs or visits, inpatient, outpatient, surgery, radiological tests, and pharmaceuticals (Harvard School of Public Health, 2012). As recognized before, obesity presents several detrimental and expensive conditions. Such health risks are hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer (colon, prostate, endometrial, and breast). Other associated complications from obesity are complications in pregnancy, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, stress incontinence, and psychological disorders (depression) (National Institute of Health, 1998). In the case of hypertension, a co-factor for cardiovascular disease, which is also the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States (Center for Disease Control, 2012). The average cost to treat hypertension in 2008 was $47. 3 billion, with $21. 3 billion spent on prescription medications, $13 billion was spent on doctor’s office and outpatient visits, $13 billion spent for hospitalizations, emergency department, and home health visits (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2011). That is a 32% contribution to the total healthcare expenditure on obesity in America ($147 billion). The pathophysiology for the development of hypertension is sodium retention that increases vascular resistance, blood volume, and cardiac output. Yet when someone is obese, this sodium retention is increased therefore insulin resistance increases, sympathetic nervous system output is increased, and alterations of the renin-angiotensin occurs. All of this comes together, specifically when you factor in the effect of weight loss. As someone reduces their body weight there is a reduction in vascular resistance, total blood volume, cardiac output, as well as an improvement in insulin resistance, a reduction in sympathetic nervous system activity, and suppression of the activity of the renin angiotensin system (National Health Institute, 1998). When reviewing the cost of treating hypertension through doctor’s office visits, pharmaceuticals, home health visits or emergency care, it negates to recognize the underlying cause- obesity. Diabetes is another chronic condition associated with obesity. In recent studies, the relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes has been found to increase by 25% for each additional unit of BMI over 22kg/m2. In a prospective study that is representative of the U. S. population, noted that 27% of new diabetes cases were attributable to weight gain in adulthood (National Institute of Health, 1998). Diabetes currently affects 25. 8 million children and adults in the United States. Of that population, many are also suffering from obesity. It costs $245 billion dollars in 2011 to treat diabetes (Center for Disease Control, 2012). That is $98 billion more than the approximated amount that is spent on obesity. Since not all citizens who are suffering from Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes or other forms are not all obese, we can adequately assess the direct reduction of costs if we were to  emphasize the prevention or treatment of diabetes. However, we can understand the underlying connection between obesity and diabetes therefore focusing our efforts on preventing one disease from causing more extensive damage to the body. Fat tissue is a metabolically active endocrine system that secretes hormones and inflammatory cytokines. One of the hormones secreted in excess fat tissue (specifically abdominal fat) is leptin. This hormone tells your brain that your body is full, increase metabolic rate, and increase physical activity. In obesity, one has continually high levels of leptin and therefore causes a leptin resistance in the body. This leads to free fatty acid spill over into tissues other than fat cells, such as: liver, pancreas, and heart. Also in obesity, it causes an increase of fat growth through hypertrophy (larger fat cells) and hyperplasia (increase in fat cell quantity). This whole chain of events leads to these numerous and overgrown fat cells to becoming unstable and rupturing, thus, releasing their contents and increasing further inflammation. Most times, the ultimate conclusion leads to lipotoxicity and inflammation that is insulin resistant, which is a principal factor of diabetes and metabolic syndrome (Hu, F. 2008). Obesity has an incredible effect on the human body. Its associated conditions are numerous and contribute substantially to the direct cost of healthcare. Each disease requires different treatments, different tests, and different medication therefore incurring comprehensive bills. However, one key relation is obesity and therefore should be treated as primary concern to relieve the multi-faceted issue. The last contribution to the correlational costs (and future costs) between health care and obesity is the proliferation to America’s youth. A child is considered obese if they have a Body Mass Index that is higher than the 95th percentile for their age and gender. In 2004, the Progress Review 2010 found that there is an increase in the prevalence of obesity for all age groups in the United States. In the past three decades the numbers have tripled causing a growing concern for healthcare members, families, and public health officials. The most recent study for that 17 % of children are obese (Budd Hayman, 2008). This figure is a predetermination of the future crisis if current public health officials do not sufficiently address this problem plaguing our youth. Currently the United States’ First Lady, Michelle Obama has initiated a program called â€Å"Lets Move,† which is aimed curing the obesity epidemic in children within one generation. It is a comprehensive model that incorporates facts on healthy living, simple steps for success, nutrition information, and activity ideas to increase physical activity. Since the enactment, the accomplishments of this program are approved legislations such as, Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act, which aids American public schools in offering healthier meals for tens of millions of American children. Concurrently, the U. S. Department of Agriculture outlined a new school meal regulation that boosts the quality and nutrition of national school lunch and breakfast programs. Lastly, Walgreens, Supervalu, and Walmart released a new commitment to build or expand stores in communities with limited or absolutely no access to healthy nutrition (Let’s Move, 2013). In conclusion, America’s economic crisis creates a higher scrutiny on every dollar spent. Obesity has far reaching consequences, whether it’s the epidemic’s effect on future generations, the direct loss due it’s many interrelated conditions, or indirect costs due it’s influence on the country’s work force. Obesity has incurred a $147 billion dollar tab on the American all-encompassing and soon to be maxed out credit card. Yet it could be easily prevented through adequate nutrition and appropriate physical exercise.

The Family Name free essay sample

The day I was born, my mother was a bit uncertain of choosing my name. She always tells me the story of how I was named Amy after a character in her (and my) favorite book, Little Women. It is also made clear to me that I was named Catherine after my mother, who has the greatest impact on my life. My mom was a smart young woman with many missed opportunities for starters, her chances for college were slim because she and my father started a family early; I was born about a year after she finished high school. She received an Associate Degree in Science a few years ago and has a good job with the government. Before that, my mom juggled two small children, a job, and tried to keep a somewhat rocky marriage together. During my whole life, she has constantly reminded me of the love we share. We will write a custom essay sample on The Family Name or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A couple of years ago, as every parent does, my mom got a little teary-eyed when she began to realize I was becoming a young woman, as she once was. She began to tell me, between sobs, that she named me Catherine so that one day I could grow up and be everything she always hoped to be. She looked at me and said, You are so much smarter than I ever was, and I dont ever want to see you waste it. I am so proud of my little girl. After these thoughts settled in my mind, I realized all the potential I have. My mom was my extra little push that helped me discover my goals, and how badly I want to carry them out; not only for me, but for her. I want to continue to make her proud, just as she makes me proud. When I was little, my mom used to say Whats your name? and Id say, Amy. Shed then say, Amy what? Of course, Id reply, Amy Powell It was then that she would say, Thats right. But whats the most important part? I would look at her and grin. Catherines the important part, Mom!